What happens if a Texas court doesn't rule on a Rule 91a motion to dismiss within 45 days?
This question has been addressed in 3 Texas court opinions:
In Re Darren L. Reagan
COA05 — February 5, 2026
Darren L. Reagan filed a petition for writ of mandamus seeking to vacate a trial court's order granting a Rule 91a motion to dismiss. The Dallas Court of Appeals denied the petition without reaching the substantive legal merits because the relator failed to comply with the technical requirements of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. Specifically, the court analyzed the petition's failure to use the verbatim certification language now required by the renumbered Rule 52.3(k) and the failure to provide a sworn or certified record under Rule 52.7(a). The court held that strict adherence to the "exact words" of the appellate rules is a mandatory prerequisite for the court to exercise its jurisdiction for extraordinary relief.
Litigation Takeaway
“Technicalities can defeat even the strongest legal arguments. In the Dallas Court of Appeals, a mandamus petition will be summarily denied if the certification does not match the 2026 version of Rule 52.3(k) word-for-word or if the supporting record is not properly authenticated. Always perform a 'procedural audit' to ensure compliance with the latest appellate rule numbering and verbatim requirements.”
In re 7-Eleven, Inc.
COA13 — February 19, 2026
In this case, a trial court failed to rule on a Rule 91a motion to dismiss "baseless claims" for several months following a hearing. The Relators sought mandamus relief to compel a ruling. The Court of Appeals analyzed Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 91a, noting that while its 45-day deadline for rulings is directory rather than jurisdictional, the rule's core purpose is the "early and speedy dismissal" of meritless litigation. The court found that because the motion was properly heard and the delay was objectively unreasonable, the trial court's inaction constituted an abuse of discretion. The court conditionally granted the writ of mandamus, ordering the trial court to issue a ruling on the motion.
Litigation Takeaway
“Trial courts cannot use a 'pocket veto' to avoid ruling on Rule 91a motions to dismiss. If a judge refuses to rule on a motion to dismiss baseless claims within a reasonable time after a hearing, mandamus is an available tool to force a decision and prune frivolous 'tort-crossover' claims from family law litigation.”
Shelton v. Flores
COA14 — February 3, 2026
In Shelton v. Flores, a government employee (Shelton) attempted to dismiss claims against himself by filing a Rule 91a motion under the Texas Tort Claims Act's (TTCA) election-of-remedies provision after both he and his employer, the City of Houston, were sued. The Fourteenth Court of Appeals analyzed Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 101.106(e), which states that an employee shall be dismissed 'on the motion of the governmental unit.' The court held that because the City did not join or file the motion to dismiss Shelton, the statutory condition precedent was not met. The court concluded that individual employees lack standing to 'self-dismiss' under this provision without the employer’s active participation.
Litigation Takeaway
“Government employees, such as CPS caseworkers or law enforcement officers, cannot unilaterally exit a lawsuit under the TTCA election-of-remedies provision unless the government agency they work for formally moves for their dismissal. This provides family law litigants with strategic leverage to keep individual defendants in a case for discovery purposes, especially when an agency is reluctant to admit the employee was acting within the scope of their employment.”